America’s entry into World War I was not a response to German aggression against the United States but a choice—influenced by British propaganda, financial entanglement, Wilsonian ideology, and the interests of those who would profit from war. This episode traces how neutrality eroded through $2.3 billion in Wall Street loans, how the Lusitania and Zimmermann Telegram provided pretexts for intervention, and how the dissenters who opposed war were silenced and destroyed. We ex

When the Civil War ended, the United States was not the same nation that had gone to war four years earlier. The bloodletting had settled the question of state sovereignty by force, but the peace that followed redefined individual sovereignty by law. The Reconstruction Amendments—the 13th, 14th, and 15th—marked a second founding. They transformed the Constitution from a pact among states into a national charter of rights that bound the states themselves.