The covert action toolkit under fire after revelations of extra-constitutional actions during the Church committee hearings and reports of 1975-76, have been expanded to include economic instruments that are viewed as "soft" power, but cause much more widespread damage. The substitution thesis posits that regime change objectives never faded after the revelations, rather the foreign policy establishment just exchanged paramilitary activity with primary and secondary sanctions

Episode 18 traces the monetary architecture that finances the American empire — from the founders’ gold-and-silver Constitution through the 1910 Jekyll Island meeting that produced the Federal Reserve, the 1933 gold confiscation, the 1971 Nixon Shock, the multi-pillar dollar hegemony system, the 2022 weaponization against Russia, and the April 2026 debt trajectory of thirty-nine trillion dollars and over one trillion in annual interest.

This contemporary application episode examines the Russo-Ukrainian peace negotiations from the perspective of how the Iran war, launched on February twenty-eighth, 2026, materially altered the negotiating landscape in Russia’s favor.

Episode 17 examines the Ukraine war as the predictable result of three decades of American policy choices. Following the argument of Article 17, the episode traces NATO expansion from Baker’s 1990 “not one inch eastward” assurance to the present, through the 2014 Maidan events, the Minsk agreements signed in bad faith, the failed December 2021 diplomacy, and the collapse of the Istanbul peace negotiations in April 2022.

This contemporary application episode tests the central moral claim of American interventionism — that war can liberate populations — against the historical record of the past quarter century. Walking through Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, and Syria in narrative form, the episode documents the consistent pattern: ancient Christian communities devastated, women’s lives constrained or destroyed, moderates eliminated, countries economically and physically wrecked.